Saturday, December 28, 2019

Socioeconomic Status And Health Care - 933 Words

According to About.com (Elizabeth Boskey, 2014), socioeconomic status is defined as a arrangement of elements including income, level of education, and occupation. It is a way of looking at how individuals or families fit into society using economic and social measures that have been shown to influence individuals health and well-being. Socioeconomic status is broken into three categories: high, middle, and low social economic status. These three categories are used to describe the three areas a family or an individual may fall into. When placing a family or individual into one of these categories, these three variables, income, education, and occupation, are usually evaluated. Socioeconomic status and health are closely related, and socioeconomic status typically have significant effects on a person s health due to differences in ability to access health care as well as dietary and other lifestyle choices that are associated with both finances and education. Statistically speak ing, Fayette, Mississippi is one of the poorest and socioeconomically disadvantaged cities in the state of Mississippi (Fair Data 2000, 2013). In a small town, such as Fayette, Mississippi, the socioeconomic status of its citizens seems to be the same across the board. Fayette, Mississippi has a population of approximately 1500, with the gender distribution equally split, with the average age being 37.7. The average income is approximately $19,000 per household. That puts approximatelyShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Status and Health Care Essays1776 Words   |  8 PagesSocioeconomic Status and Health Care Sharing My Own Perspective There is a strong correlation with an individual or group SES and the quality of health care received. Social Economic Class relates to what group of class an individual fit in based on their income, which can include wages, investments or other source. The quality of care depends on the facilities that is offering the services, the staff, accessibility to the service and the kind of health insurance that the person has. AffordingRead MoreInadequacy Of The United States Mental Health Care System1104 Words   |  5 PagesMental Health Care System: Barriers to Care According to the World Health Organization, mental illness will affect approximately 25% of people at some point in their life (â€Å"WHO Qualityrights†, n.d.). Despite that, the current mental health care system in the United States is inadequate. Many aspects of the system need improving, especially the barriers to service. In fact, approximately 20% of individuals are left without necessary treatment for their mental health disorder (â€Å"Mental Health†, 2016)Read MoreSocial Class And Its Effects On Health1336 Words   |  6 PagesAll over the world status hierarchy and social class are a common concept of how well we live our lives, however they affect our lives more than we think. Social class can affect many things such as education, opportunities presented to us, economic factors, and even our health. Recently socioeconomic status effects on health has become a more popular topic of discussion but is nothing new to researchers. â€Å"Research on socioeconom ic inequalities in health in the UK has a long history. In the earlyRead MoreWang And Steven Model Of The Cumulative Impact Of Multiple Risk Factors951 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the Shi and Steven model of the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors? There are risk factors such as race/ethnicity, low socioeconomic status (SES), and lack of health insurance, which independently and strongly related with disparities (Shi Steven, 2005). These risk factors are barriers to access to health care, quality to care, and health status. The vulnerability of an individual increases with increases of risk factors, however there is an interaction among different risk factorsRead MoreEssay On Sexually Transmitted Diseases1740 Words   |  7 Pagessexually transmitted diseases in the United States given their demographic and socioeconomic status. The studies have shown without access to health care, young men and women do not receive the necessary information or medical prevention devices they need for the prevention and/or transmission of such diseases. The data was descriptive comparative, and showed the correlation between demographics and socioeconomic status in relation to sexually transmitted diseases. The results from all five studiesRe ad MoreThe Top On America Isn t Just Better, It s Longer News Article764 Words   |  4 Pagescontemplate the three very differing experiences. Each of these experiences was significantly dissimilar from one another due to each individual’s socioeconomic status. As we have learned and discussed in Chapter three of the text, socioeconomic status (or social class) is an individual’s or group’s standing within a ranked social structure. This socioeconomic status is typically determined by three main variables such as income, occupational prestige, and education. Different models of the social classRead MoreEffects Of Low Socioeconomic Status On Mental Health1440 Words   |  6 Pageslinked socioeconomic status to mental health, especially in children and adolescents. Low poverty levels have been specifically identified as a key causal factor in developing mental health problems in children. There has been much discussion over the different theories as to why this is the case, but only two of these theories seem to hold a lot of evidence. Certain interventions and preventative measures can be employed in order to improve an individual’s mental health by altering socioeconomic statusRead More The Effect of Social Organization on Everyday Life and Health824 Words   |  4 PagesOrganization on Everyday Life and Health Most people do not think about their health or issues revolving around their health until they are actually ill or people think that their health is only affected by biological factors. However, our health should be a focus in our lives because our daily life has an affect on our health. Illness does not only have biological causes but is also influenced by social factors such as the socially imposed roles of gender and socioeconomic differences. Before theRead MoreObesity Epidemic and Nations Health1684 Words   |  7 PagesArgument paper The obesity epidemic and our nation’s health as a whole have many factors that include socioeconomic status in particular. Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity will always shape our nations vision and mission with what we do with healthcare. Healthcare in America is in a major reconstruction faze, and is in much need of it, obesity and socioeconomic status are going to be the major contributors to this reconstruction. The ability to have access to better resources for sureRead MoreHow Culture Influences Health Of All Individuals1389 Words   |  6 PagesCulture Influences Health in America Culture plays a great role in the health of all individuals. The American race has a vast influence over other cultures that migrate to the United States. Unfortunately, the dietary habits of the average American can lead to an increased health risk and a variety of problems that will further be elaborated on. It is important to remember that health is not just the physical aspect that everyone assumes when they consider the word health. It actually has seven

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Responsibilities of the Federal Reserve - 1591 Words

Congress has handed over the responsibility for monetary to the Federal Reserve, also known as the Fed, but retains oversight responsibilities in order to ensure that the Federal Reserve adheres to the statutory mandate of stable prices, moderate long-term rates of interest, as well as, maximum employment (Labonte, 2014). The responsibilities of the Fed as the country’s central bank are classified into four: monetary policy, supervision of particular types of banks and financial institutions for soundness and safety, provision of emergency liquidity through the function of the lender of last resort, and the provision of services of the payment system to financial institutions, as well as, the government (Labonte, 2014). The monetary role of the Federal Reserve necessitates aggregate demand management. The Federal Reserve defines monetary policy as the measures it undertakes in order to influence the cost and availability of credit and money to enhance the objectives mandated b y Congress, which is maximum sustainable employment and a stable price level (Appelbaum, 2014). Since the expectations of businesses as capital goods purchasers and households as consumers exert an essential influence on the main section of spending in America, and the expectations are influenced in essential ways by the Federal Reserve’s actions, a wider definition would involve the policies, directives, forecasts of the economy, statements, and other actions by the Federal Reserve, particularly thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Responsibilities and Powers of the Federal Reserve Draft Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesFEDERAL RESERVE DRAFT. INTRO The Federal Reserve System which is often referred to informally as the Federal Reserve or the FED, in its most simplistic description t is basically the central banking system of the United States. The FED was established in 1913 via the Federal Reserve Act. Despite governmental independence the FED is accountable to Congress because Congress has the authority to amend the Federal Reserve Act at any time. The FED is structured uniquely to eliminate full governmentalRead MoreThe Federal Reserve : The Central Bank Of The United States1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Federal Reserve Introduction The Federal Reserve, also known as the Fed is the central bank of the United States. The system was created on December 1913 during the reign of President Woodrow Wilson. It was during this time that President Woodrow signed the Federal Reserve Act, incorporating it into the law. The Congress was behind the creation of the Federal Reserve with the ultimate goal of making it safer and more reliable to keep the money. The Congress was also compelled to establishingRead MoreThe Federal Reserve System Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve System was founded by Congress in 1913 to be the central bank of the United States. The Federal Reserve System was founded to be a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary financial system. Over the years, the role of the Federal Reserve Board and its influence on banking and the economy has increased. Today, the Federal Reserve Systems duties fall into four general categories. Firstly, the FED conducts the nations monetary policy. The FEDRead MoreThe Best Practice Procedures The Cls Have Set Up A Number Of Risk Management Procedures824 Words   |  4 Pagesgoverned by an outside source of the U.S. Federal Reserve as if â€Å"it were a bank holding company.† (CLS Group pg 1) The holding group is based out of Switzerland. The CLS UK Intermediate Holdings group is a group that helps represent England and Wales. This group is based out of London and Tokyo and also has a few governances that roll up into them, including CLS Services Ltd and CLS bank in ternational. The CLS bank is regulated by the US federal reserves and is located in New York. Governance AsRead MoreThe Federal Open Market Committee1313 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Federal Reserve System has three branches: the Board of Governors, The Federal Open Market Committee, and Reserve Banks. The Federal Reserve System (Fed) supplies and regulates America’s money to all the banks. The Board of Governors is the main authority of the three branches of the Fed, and it supervises other banks. The Federal Open Market Committee is the most prominent policymaker of the three branches and regulates the supply of money in the economy. Federal Reserve Banks serveRead MoreThe Federal Reserve1484 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many thoughts about the Federal Reserve, some people think it is the biggest thief ever and some other people think that the Illuminati is running the show. Also some people know that the Federal Reserve has saved the economy of the United States a couple of times from depressions. Moreover, economists think that the Federal Reserve saved the U.S. from the most recent depression in 2008. Many people in the U.S. may not know who Al exander Hamilton is; however, any economist or anybody whoRead MoreThe Federal Reserve ( Investopedia ) Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagespowerful monetary system, called the Federal Reserve (Investopedia). It involves one central agency and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks that are accountable for their designated areas in the United States (Investopedia). Its primary purpose was to establish a secure, malleable, and a solid financial system which was to prevent financial devastation during times of crisis (Investopedia). More specifically, prior to the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank, the United States had bouts of crisisRead MoreThe Federal Reserve1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Federal Reserve has been around America for more than a century. It has helped America keep a stable central bank, have maximum employment, and many more great advantages. The Fed isn’t just a tiny piece of the puzzle; it has a great deal of importance with the roles it plays in everyday life that not a lot of people know of. With the Fed basically being the bank of every bank in America, it has a lot of responsibility. Over the past one hundred years the Federal Reserve has proven to benefitRead MoreThe Workings And Structure Of The Federal Reserve Banks Of Usa1507 Words   |  7 Pagessystem furthermore consists of the Federal Reserve System, foreign banks, commercial banks, offshore banks, credit unions and saving institutions. Financial markets consist of debt and money markets, equities markets and futures and options markets. Lastly, nonbank financial institutions consist of asset-based finance companies, commercial lending companies and insurance companies. This paper is an endeavor to understand the workings and structure of the Federal Reserve Banks of USA. Founded by theRead MoreRole Of The Federal Reserve1210 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Federal Reserve We will begin with real GDP. Real GDP, an acronym for Gross Domestic Product, is the total value of final goods and services during a particular period or year adjusted for price changes. The GDP is an indicator of a country’s economic health. Final goods and services definition is a goods consumed rather than used for further processing. The Real GDP is increased or decreased based Inflation or deflation. Inflation is an increase in the average overall price for goods

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Repression and self-pres

Question: Describe about the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology for Repression and self-presentation? Answer: Introduction In this assignment, a research is conducted based on the effect of the audience, co action, role and group. The research is conducted based on literature review. Different literatures relevant to the topic are reviewed and discussed in this assignment. Then a report is presented on a group presentation and effect of the audience, co action, role and group on the preparation of the presentation. Discussion: Effect of audience: Audience play an important role in any performance as the success of a performance depends on them. various studies on psychology have discussed the effect of audience on a performance. According to a research carried out by Bozzolan, Cho and Michelon (2013) on the role of audience, a successful presentation should have an approach that is centered to the audience. As per the studies carried out by Baumeister and Cairns (1992), while conducting or planning a performance or presentation, one should consider the interest and the preferences of the people who would act as the audience. Again Jain and Roy (2015) showed that the presence of audience sometimes leads to better performance by the performers and in some cases the performance can be worse. Some studies (Aiello and Douthitt, 2001) have shown that the passive audience sometimes positively influences the performers to perform better, whereas some other studies (Travis, 1925) have shown the inhibitory effect of the audience in the performance of a task that is less practiced due to the psychological factor, called stress. According to the Yerkes- Dodson law, proposed by the two eminent psychologists, Robert M. Yerkes and John Dodson in the year 1908, with the mental or psychological arousal, the performance increases up to a certain point and when the arousal increases to a very high level, there is a decrease in the performance. The reason behind the negative impact of audience is beautifully discussed by Mero, Guidice and Brownlee (2007), who showed that when a person tries to perform a task that is difficult and complex or not properly familiar to the person, the level of accuracy in the performance decreased with the presence of other persons. Robert Zajonc, in 1956, coined the term social inhibition while describing the negative impact of audience. Effect of co-action: According to NELSON (2006), co action effect can be defined as the increase in the level of performance which is caused by the presence of other persons who are also involved in same type of tasks. Norman Triplett first coined the term in the year 1898, who found in his experiment that the speed of a cyclist increases when he races with others. According to the studies by Sellaro et al. (2013), when a person work alone, the level of creativity is high, but the level of productivity is low, but when a person works with others, the level of creativity is highest and the level of productivity is also very high. According to the distraction-conflict theory proposed by Baron (1986), in the presence of other persons while performing a task, generates a conflict that involves concentrating on the other persona and simultaneous concentrating on the task. This conflict leads to the increase in arousal which in turn causes social facilitation. According to Soma and Hasegawa (2004), the social facilitation/inhibition (SFI) effect sometimes facilitates the performance by a person in the presence of co actors and in other times it inhibits the performance. Effect of roles and groups: In case of group work, the effects of the role of individual on the group are very crucial. According to Curseu (2015), when individual team member will carry out their responsibility properly, the whole team will perform better. As per the studies carried out by Simon, Sturmer and Steffens (2000), the individual members of a group can positively or negatively influence the performance of a group. Stewart and Powell (2004) showed that while working in a group various problems may arise and successful addressing of these problems is necessary in order to successfully carry out a group performance. As per the views of Grebosz and Bakalarczyk (2011), in a group work, each and every member had to perform their role properly in order to make the group work effective. Report on group presentation: Last year I was a part of a group presentation, which consisted of 10 members. The presentation was based on a topic of psychology, namely, influence of attitude on human behavior. It was a 15 minute presentation, where each of the 10 members of the group discussed a part of the topic. The audience consisted of primarily the psychology students of our college and the respected professors. Last year I was a part of a group presentation, which consisted of 10 members. The presentation was based on a topic of psychology, namely, influence of attitude on human behavior. It was a 15 minute presentation, where each of the 10 members of the group discussed a part of the topic. The audience consisted of primarily the psychology students of our college and the respected professors. As, the audience included the students and professors of psychology, we had to assume that they already had got some idea regarding the topic. So, while developing the presentation we were concerned regarding the p lanning of our presentation in order to make the already known topic interesting and acceptable to the audience. Co- action is a part of group work. The work of one group member influences the others to work hard, in order to make the presentation a success. We jointly discussed the topic of the presentation and the responsibilities that each of the group members would share. Throughout the preparation phase we maintained active communication between the team members and helped each other in order to complete the presentation within time. From the beginning of the preparation for the presentation, we divided our responsibility and we carried out the responsibilities actively, which helped us to perform in a coordinated fashion while presenting the topic. References: Aiello, J. and Douthitt, E. (2001). Social facilitation from Triplett to electronic performance monitoring. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(3), pp.163-180. Baumeister, R. and Cairns, K. (1992). Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(5), pp.851-862. Bozzolan, S., Cho, C. and Michelon, G. (2013). Impression Management and Organizational Audiences: The Fiat Group Case. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(1), pp.143-165. Curseu, P. (2015). Team Performance Management 2014. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 21(1/2). Grebosz, M. and Bakalarczyk, S. (2011). Team Management Organization in Co-branding Projects. Hum. Factors Man., 23(4), pp.306-310. Groff, B., Baron, R. and Moore, D. (1983). Distraction, attentional conflict, and drivelike behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(4), pp.359-380. Jain, V. and Roy, S. (2015). Effect of Audience Personality Traits on Reality Show Watching Motives. Media Watch, 6(2), p.157. Mero, N., Guidice, R. and Brownlee, A. (2007). Accountability in a Performance Appraisal Context: The Effect of Audience and Form of Accounting on Rater Response and Behavior. Journal of Management, 33(2), pp.223-252. NELSON, R. (2006). Social Facilitation. BioScience, 56(7), p.620. Sellaro, R., Treccani, B., Rubichi, S. and Cubelli, R. (2013). When co-action eliminates the Simon effect: disentangling the impact of co-actor's presence and task sharing on joint-task performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. Simon, B., Sturmer, S. and Steffens, K. (2000). Helping Individuals or Group Members? The Role of Individual and Collective Identification in AIDS Volunteerism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), pp.497-506. Soma, M. and Hasegawa, T. (2004). The Effect of Social Facilitation and Social Dominance on Foraging Success of Budgerigars in an Unfamiliar Environment. Behaviour, 141(9), pp.1121-1134. Stewart, B. and Powell, S. (2004). Team building and team working. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 10(1/2), pp.35-38. Travis, L. (1925). The effect of a small audience upon eye-hand coordination. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 20(2), pp.142-146.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

The History Of Baseball Cards Essay Paper Example For Students

The History Of Baseball Cards Essay Paper The History of Baseball CardsBaseball cards have a very broad history. In the beginning, god made man. Then, man produced.. the baseball card. From 1887 to the present, billions of baseball cards have been produced. Some cards are valued at ten cents, while others, are valued at over one hundred thousand dollars. Since 1887, Baseball cards have been a major part of many peoples lives. The Beginning of the baseball card collecting era would lead cards to a path of greatness and immortality. The first baseball cards were made of a cloth like material. Many of these cards were home made (SCD)*. No one but the creator of these cards, (there all dead) knows for sure what exactly was used to produce these early cards. This time period started on 1887 and continued on until 1901. The 1887 baseball cards were part of a unique set. Not only did this set contain baseball cards, but it also contained boxing. golf, and horse racing cards. These cards are very high in value because of their rarity and because they are some of the early baseball cards. The common card is worth around $800. All of thesecards are common, considering that there were no star athletes back then. There were not many cards sizes during this time period. The only size that I could find was one and a half inches by two inches. There were manycompanys that manufactured cards during this time period.They were: Mayo Tobacco Works, Buchner, Kimballs, Old Judge, Allen ; Ginter, and Goodwin (SCD). These cards are rare, but arenot very difficult to obtain if youre willing to pay top dollar. What many collectors call the golden years of baseball, took place from 1902 until 1935. One reason that collectors call this time period that is because cards tookmany different changes during this era. Cards were starting to be packaged with Chewing Tobacco, crackerjacks, and Chewing gum. The value of cards during this time period depends on many different factors. A large percent of these cards have misprints (flaws). Because of these misprints, a card may have a higher value than the exact same cardbecause of a misprint. The reason there were so many misprints was because the card industry was just starting to experiment with the printing process (SCD). The most expensive baseball card of all time was produced during this era. That card was the Honus Wagner T-206 produced in 1909. The reason that this card is so expensive is because only 4 of these cards were ever produced. Honus Wagner didnt want kids buying tobacco for the Baseball cards. One of the Wagners sold at an auction recently for 451,500 to Wayne Gretzky (SCD). There were three main sizes of baseball cards during this time period. One of the sizes was the tobacco size cards. These cards were one and a half inches by two inches. The second card size was a rectangular sheet of three cards. These were about two inches by five and one fourth inches. The third and final size was a square about two inches bytwo inches. Cards were packaged with chewing tobacco, cracker jacks, chewing gum, and cigarettes (SCD). Many companys produced cards during this era. Some of the major manufactures were : Piedmont, Soverign,Ramly, Hassan, Mecca and Turkey Red. TheT-2.. series is very common at card shows. With the exception of the Honus Wagner, most of these cards can be acquired for a reasonable price. From 1936 until 1960, not much happened in the card collecting era. Three major changes occurred during this time period. The cards themselves changed to a size thatwould carry them to present time. Also.., two ground breaking companies would arrive and last until the 21st century. .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 , .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .postImageUrl , .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 , .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:hover , .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:visited , .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:active { border:0!important; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:active , .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51 .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucac15acf39c4cfa26dc83891a761bd51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dylan Thomas Essay PaperThe value ofthe 30s and 40s cards is around forty dollars for a semi-star (BKM)*. The value of the 50s cards is a little higher at forty five dollars for the semi-star. Mickey Mantles rookie is included in the 1952 Bowman set. It is valued at $9,000 . Also, another Mantle , his 52 Topps is worth $35,000 (BKM, SCD, TUFF*). The 60scommon cards are worth between one dollar and five dollars. There were two main card sizes from 1936 to 1960. The first was two and a half inches by three and one eighth inches. The second card size is two and a half inches bythree and a half inches. This is the size that ball cards would remain to be for the next 36 yr.. The major companys that produced cards during this time period are Bowman, Topps, Goudey, and Play ball. The common card from these years is pretty easy to come by. This time period really set cards for 80s and 90s. Many present and futureHall of Famers had cards during this age. Cards basically remained the same. One new card company came into the card industry. These cards arent valued very highly because they are very easy to find. A few cards are valued at over $200.The common card is valued from around ten cents to three dollars. The size of these cards remained the same as before,two and a half inches by three and a half inches. There wereonly a twocompanys who produced cards during this time duration. The two companys that produced cards during this time period were Topps and Fleer. These cards are very easy to find. From 1980 to 1996, cards took several revolutionary changes. These changes would affect the value and collectability of baseball cards forever. The value of these cards is actually quite high considering how long these cards have been on the market. Some of the older cards, such as Cal Ripken Jr.s 1982 ToppsTraded, are valued at over $350. Newer cards, such as Ken Griffey Jr. and Frank Thomass rookies are around $80. Card companies devised a scheme to lure the card collector into buying more cards, the INSERT!!!! The Insert card is a special card that has a certain chance of you pulling it out of a pack. The higher the odds, the higher thevalue of the card. This was designed to make the collector buy lots of packs to try to pull an insert. Card companys also introduced a card called the redemption card. These cards are usually seeded at about 1:360 packs. If you pulled one of these cards, you could send it into the company and they would send you back a limited edition set. Finally, those devilish little fellows at the card companys decided to to created a premium card. These cards were special cards that cost more to buy. T hey have a UV coating that gives them a slick look. Also, the company only makes so manyof these cards. It is harder to get a autograph on these cards because of the UV coating. The autograph beads up. The sizes of these cards remained the ezdard size of two and a half by three and a half. The only difference is the new UV coating on the cards. The companies thatmanufacture baseball cards now are Topps, Upperdeck, Bowman O-Pee-Chee, Fleer, Score, Studio, Donruss, Pinnacle, Leaf and Stadium Club. Baseball cards have a very broad history as you can see. Whether its homemade cloth cards or store bought premium cards, youll probably find something you like. Well, have baseball cards affected your life since 1887? Youll have to decide yourself. * BKM Beckett Baseball Card MothlyTUFF-Tuff StuffSCD- Sports Collectors Digest